Early signs of Dementia include remembering things, thinking clearly, and acting normally. It can be challenging for some people because of diseases or conditions that harm brain cells, causing a condition called dementia. Dementia is more common in older adults, but it can affect people of any age. It’s important to know that not all memory, thinking, and behavior changes mean dementia. Some changes are a natural part of aging and do not get in the way of daily activities.

How do we distinguish between normal aging and dementia? What are the early signs of dementia, and how can we find help? How can we help and support our loved ones dealing with dementia? We’ll answer these questions and provide helpful information and resources for those looking into end-of-life care options for themselves or their loved ones.

Highlights

• Various factors, such as genetics, vascular disease, head injury, etc., can cause dementia. Dementia affects brain structure and function and progresses over time. It can impair various cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention, language, reasoning, etc.
• Various tests and assessments, such as cognitive screening, neuropsychological testing, brain imaging, and blood tests, can help distinguish dementia from normal aging and rule out other possible causes of cognitive decline.
• Dementia is a term that describes a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and behavior. It is not a normal part of aging but a result of damage to the brain cells caused by various diseases or conditions.

How to Recognize Early Signs of Dementia

Remember these ten early signs of dementia. These signs differ from regular age-related memory, thinking, and behavior changes. For example, normal aging may cause occasional forgetfulness, but dementia may cause frequent and severe memory loss that affects everyday life.

1. Memory loss that disrupts daily life

2. Challenges in planning or solving problems

3. Difficulty completing familiar tasks

4. Confusion with time or place

5. Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships

6. New problems with words in speaking or writing

7. Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps

8. Decreased or poor judgment

9. Withdrawal from work or social activities

10. Changes in mood and personality

If any of these signs are observed, it is essential to seek medical attention and diagnosis, as some causes of dementia are treatable and reversible. Early intervention can improve the quality of life and delay the progression of dementia. Maintaining and improving cognitive health and reducing the risk factors for dementia can prevent or delay it. Some tips and strategies for doing so are physical exercise, mental stimulation, social engagement, and a healthy diet.

Dementia is not a single disease but describes symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and behavior. These symptoms are caused by various diseases or conditions that damage the brain cells, such as early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, etc. Dementia can affect anyone, but it is more common in older adults. According to the World Health Organization:

About 50 million people are living with dementia worldwide, and this number is expected to rise to 152 million by 2050.

However, dementia is not a normal part of aging. Some changes in memory, thinking, and behavior are regular and expected as we age and do not interfere with our daily functioning. For example, we may sometimes forget names or appointments but remember them later. We may also experience slower thinking and reaction time, but we can still solve problems and make decisions.

How can we recognize the early signs of dementia and seek help?

The Alzheimer’s Association, a leading voluntary health organization in Alzheimer’s care, support, and research, has identified ten early signs and symptoms of dementia that can help us distinguish dementia from normal aging. These signs are:

• Memory loss that disrupts daily life. That is one of the most common early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. People with dementia may repeatedly forget recently learned information, important dates, or events or ask for the same information. They may also rely on memory aids, such as notes, reminders, or family members, for things they used to handle independently. That differs from normal aging, where we may forget things but remember them later.
• Challenges in planning or solving problems. People with dementia may have difficulty following a plan or working with numbers. They may need help keeping track of monthly bills, following a recipe, or balancing a checkbook. They may also need help concentrating and take much longer to do things than before. That differs from normal aging, where we may make occasional errors but can still manage our finances and daily tasks.
• Difficulty completing familiar tasks. People with dementia may have trouble completing daily tasks that they have done for years, such as driving to a standard location, organizing a grocery list, or remembering the rules of a favorite game. They may also need help using common appliances, such as a microwave, a TV remote, or a phone. That is different from normal aging, where we may need some help with new technology or gadgets but still be able to use familiar ones.
• Confusion with time or place. People with dementia may lose track of dates, seasons, and the passage of time. They may need help understanding something if it is happening after some time. They may also need to remember where or how they got there. They may even think they live in a different period, such as childhood or youth. That differs from normal aging, where we may need clarification about the day of the week but figure it out later.
• Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships. People with dementia may have vision problems that are not related to eye conditions, such as cataracts or glaucoma. They may have difficulty reading, judging distance, or determining color or contrast. They may also need help recognizing their reflection in a mirror or misinterpret what they see. That may cause them problems with driving, walking, or avoiding obstacles. That is different from normal aging, where we may have vision changes due to aging, but we can still see and interpret what we see.

How to Distinguish Between Dementia and Normal Aging

Dementia and normal aging are not the same thing. Dementia is a term that describes a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and behavior. It is not a normal part of aging but a result of damage to the brain cells caused by various diseases or conditions. On the other hand, normal aging is a natural process that affects everyone as they grow older. It may cause memory, thinking, and behavior changes, but they are usually mild and do not affect daily functioning.

The first step to distinguish between dementia and normal aging is to seek medical attention and diagnosis. Some causes of dementia are treatable and reversible, such as infections, vitamin deficiencies, thyroid problems, etc. Early intervention can improve the quality of life and delay the progression of dementia. Therefore, it is essential to consult a doctor if any early signs of dementia are observed or if there is a sudden or unexplained change in memory, thinking, or behavior. The doctor may use various tests and assessments to diagnose dementia and rule out other possible causes of cognitive decline. These tests may include:

• Cognitive screening. This brief test evaluates basic cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention, language, etc. It can help identify the presence and extent of cognitive impairment and indicate the need for further evaluation. A standard cognitive screening test is the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which consists of 30 questions that measure orientation, recall, calculation, etc.
• Neuropsychological testing. This more comprehensive and detailed test measures various aspects of cognitive functioning, such as memory, attention, language, reasoning, problem-solving, etc. It can help determine the type and severity of dementia and identify the person’s strengths and weaknesses. A neuropsychological test involving paper-and-pencil, computer, or verbal tasks may take several hours to complete.
• Brain imaging. This test uses advanced technology to scan the brain and produce images that show its structure and function. It can help detect any abnormalities or changes in the brain related to dementia, such as shrinkage, bleeding, inflammation, etc. Some standard brain imaging tests are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET).
• Blood tests. This test analyzes the person’s blood sample and checks for any signs of infection, inflammation, hormone imbalance, vitamin deficiency, or genetic mutation that may be associated with dementia. Blood tests can also help rule out other medical conditions affecting cognitive functioning, such as diabetes, thyroid disease, anemia, etc.

These tests can help distinguish between dementia and normal aging by providing objective and reliable information about the person’s cognitive status and brain health. However, these tests are not perfect, and they may only sometimes give a clear or definitive diagnosis. Sometimes, the diagnosis of dementia may depend on the doctor’s clinical judgment based on the medical history, symptoms, and observations of the person and their family.

Various factors, such as genetics, vascular disease, head injury, etc, can cause dementia. Some of these factors are modifiable, meaning they can be changed or controlled by lifestyle choices or medical interventions. Some factors, such as age or family history, are non-modifiable and cannot be altered or controlled.

Dementia affects brain structure and function and progresses over time. Depending on the type and cause of dementia, the symptoms and course may vary. However, most types of dementia follow a general pattern of stages, from mild to moderate to severe. As dementia progresses, the cognitive abilities and daily functioning of the person decline, and they may need more assistance and care from others.

Dementia can impair various cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention, language, reasoning, etc. These abilities are essential for performing multiple tasks and activities in daily life, such as remembering names and faces, paying attention to conversations, expressing thoughts and feelings, making decisions, solving problems, etc. When these abilities are affected by dementia, the person may face various challenges and difficulties in their personal, social, and professional life. Dementia can be prevented or delayed by maintaining and improving cognitive health and reducing the risk factors of dementia. Some tips and strategies to do so are:

• Physical exercise. Physical exercise can improve blood circulation, oxygen delivery, and nutrient supply to the brain, stimulating the growth and survival of new brain cells and connections. Physical exercise can also reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and other conditions that may contribute to dementia. Doing at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, such as brisk walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, etc., is recommended.
• Mental stimulation. Mental stimulation can challenge and activate the brain and enhance its cognitive reserve and plasticity. Cognitive reserve is the ability of the brain to cope with damage by using alternative strategies or pathways. Plasticity is the ability of the brain to adapt and change in response to new experiences and learning. Mental stimulation can also prevent or delay the onset of cognitive decline and dementia. It is recommended to engage in mentally stimulating activities that are enjoyable, varied, and challenging, such as reading, writing, playing games, learning new skills, etc.
• Social engagement. Social engagement can provide emotional support, companionship, and a sense of belonging to the person and reduce the risk of isolation, loneliness, and depression, which may worsen cognitive decline and dementia. Social engagement can also stimulate the brain and enhance mental and emotional functioning. Maintaining and developing meaningful, positive, supportive social relationships and networks, such as family, friends, neighbors, colleagues, etc, is recommended.
• Healthy diet. A healthy diet can provide the essential nutrients and antioxidants the brain needs to function properly and protect itself from damage and inflammation. It can also prevent or control obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and other conditions that may increase the risk of dementia. It is recommended to follow a balanced and varied diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, nuts, olive oil, etc., and low in saturated fat, salt, sugar, red meat, processed food, etc.

These tips and strategies can help distinguish between dementia and normal aging by improving the cognitive health and well-being of the person and preventing or delaying the onset and progression of dementia.

How to Cope with Dementia and Support Loved Ones with Dementia

Dealing with dementia can be incredibly challenging. It impacts a person’s memory, thinking, and behavior, and it’s not just a normal part of aging. Dementia can affect anyone, but it’s more prevalent in older adults.

Living with or caring for someone with dementia can pose significant challenges. It can alter a person’s personality, mood, behavior, and communication style, leading to difficulties for individuals with dementia as well as their family, friends, and caregivers.

How can we improve the quality of life and comfort for individuals with dementia?

Here are some tips to enhance the quality of life for individuals with dementia:

Acceptance of Dementia and Reality

The first of all is to accept the diagnosis and reality of dementia and educate ourselves and others about the condition. Dementia is not a fault or a failure of the person or their family. It is a medical condition that affects the brain and its functioning. It is essential to learn as much as possible about the type, cause, and stage of dementia, what to expect, and how to prepare for the future. It is also essential to share the information and experience with others involved or affected by dementia, such as family, friends, neighbors, colleagues, etc., and raise awareness and understanding of the condition.

Provide Emotional Care

The second is to provide practical and emotional care and support for the person with dementia and help them maintain their dignity, identity, and independence as much as possible. Some reasonable and emotional care and support tips are:

• Create a safe and comfortable environment for the person with dementia and remove any potential hazards or obstacles that may cause falls, injuries, or confusion. For example, install locks, alarms, or sensors on doors, windows, or cabinets, use labels, signs, or pictures to identify rooms or objects, use night lights, or reduce noise and clutter.
• Help the person with dementia with daily activities and tasks, such as dressing, bathing, eating, etc. Please encourage them to do as much as possible by themselves and offer assistance only when needed. For example, lay out their clothes, provide simple choices, or use reminders or cues.
• Please communicate with the person with dementia respectfully and listen to their thoughts and feelings. For example, use short and simple sentences, avoid jargon or slang, use gestures or visual aids, maintain eye contact, or use their name.
• Engage people with dementia in meaningful and enjoyable activities that suit their interests, abilities, and preferences and stimulate their cognitive, physical, and social functioning. For example, play games, listen to music, do crafts, or join a club or group.
• Advance care planning, etc. For example, ask what patients want or need, respect their choices, or consult a lawyer or a financial planner.
• Provide comfort and reassurance to the person with dementia and help them cope with their emotions and behaviors, such as anxiety, depression, agitation, aggression, hallucinations, etc. For example, use a calm and soothing tone, validate their feelings, distract or redirect their attention, or use relaxation techniques.

Taking Care of Ourselves and Support From Others

The third is to take care of ourselves and seek help and support from others. Caring for someone with dementia can be physically, mentally, and emotionally exhausting, and it can affect our health and well-being. It is essential to recognize and address our needs and challenges and find ways to cope and manage our stress. Some self-care and support tips are:

• Maintain a healthy lifestyle and routine and care for our physical and mental health. For example, we should eat, sleep, exercise, and avoid smoking, drinking, or drugs.
• Take breaks and time for ourselves, and do something we enjoy or relax. For example, read a book, watch a movie, listen to music, meditate, etc.
• Seek and accept help and support from others, and share our responsibilities and tasks with them. For example, ask family, friends, neighbors, or volunteers to help with chores, errands, respite care, or hire professional caregivers or services, such as home care, nursing care, etc.
• Join a support group or network and connect with others in a similar situation or understand what we are going through. For example, attend meetings, workshops, or events organized by local or online support groups, such as the Alzheimer’s Association, the Family Caregiver Alliance, etc.
• Seek professional help or counseling, and talk to a doctor, therapist, or counselor if you feel overwhelmed, depressed, anxious, or suicidal. For example, call a helpline, make an appointment, or join a therapy program.

Hospice Care Benefits

The fourth is to consider the options and benefits of hospice dementia care for people with advanced dementia. Mental health hospice care is a specialized type that focuses on providing comfort, dignity, and quality of life for people with life-limiting illnesses and their families. It can help manage the symptoms and complications of dementia, such as pain, nausea, infections, etc., and provide emotional, spiritual, and bereavement support for the person with dementia and their family.

Hospice Support

Hospice care can be provided in various settings, such as home, hospital, nursing home, or hospice facility, depending on the needs and preferences of the person with dementia and their family. Hospice is covered by various sources, such as Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, or charity, depending on the eligibility and availability of the person with dementia and their family. Valley View Hospice in Los Angeles offers a range of services and programs for people with dementia and their families, such as

• Home care. Home hospice care services provides medical and non-medical care for the person with dementia in their own home by a team of professionals and volunteers, such as nurses, doctors, social workers, chaplains, aides, etc. Home care can help the person with dementia stay comfortable and independent in their familiar environment and reduce the burden and stress for their family.
• Nursing care. Nursing care is a service that provides skilled nursing care for a person with dementia in a nursing home or a hospice facility by a team of nurses, doctors, and other staff who are specially trained and experienced in caring for people with dementia. Nursing care can help the person with dementia receive the best care and attention and provide a safe and secure environment.
• Spiritual care. Spiritual care is a service that provides spiritual support and guidance for the person with dementia and their family by a team of chaplains, clergy, or other spiritual counselors who respect and honor the beliefs and values of the person with dementia and their family. Spiritual care can help the person with dementia and their family cope with their emotions and questions and find meaning and purpose in their life and death.
• Bereavement support. Bereavement support is a service that provides emotional support and resources for the family of a person with dementia after their death. It is provided by counselors, social workers, or volunteers who understand and empathize with the family’s grief and loss. Bereavement support can help the family of the person with dementia heal and recover from their loss and move on with their lives.

Valley View Hospice can provide more details and inquiries about its services and programs for people with dementia and their families. Explore our patients’ reviews and those of their family members. For more information, you can contact us by phone or email.